Machine for inverting sewer-pipe.



PATBNTED FEB. a, 1903. H. A. WILLIAMS & P. s. BEAN. MACHINE FOR INVERTING sEwEE PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED 001228, 1902.

6 SHEET8BHEET 1 N0 MODEL.

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No. 719,708. PATENTED FEB. 3, 1903.

H. A. WILLIAMS & F. S. BEAN. MAGHINE FOR INVERTING SEWER PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 28, 1902. N0 MODEL.

No. 719,708. PATENTEDI'EB.3,1903.

H. A. WILLIAMS & F. s. BEAN. MACHINE FOR INVERTING SEWER PIPE.

APPLICATION FILE-D OCT. 28, 1902. NO MODEL D 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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MACHINE FOR INVERTING SEWER PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 28, 1902.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

NO MODEL.

No 719,708. PATENTBD FEB. 3, 1903.

H. A. WILLIAMS & F. S. BEAN. MACHINE FOR INVERTING SEWER PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 28, 1902,

R0 MODEL. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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HARRY A. WILLIAMS AND FRED S. BEAN, OF AKRON, OHIO.

MACHINE FOR INVERTING SEWER-PIPE.

'SPEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 719,708, dated February 3, 1903.

Application filed October 28, 1902. erial No. 129,074. (No model.)

To all whom, it in/ray concern:

Be it known that we, HARRY A. WILLIAMS and FRED S. BEAN, citizens of the United States, residing at Akron, in the county of Summit and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Machines for inverting Sewer-Pipe, of which the following is a complete specification.

Our invention has relation to improvements in devices for removing sections of green sewer-pipe from the press after they have been severed from the mass of clay therein and for inverting them, so that the socket which is first made shall be at the top when in the dry-house preparatory to the burning. With pipes of moderate size this is accomplished by hand. The smaller pipe may be handled by one person and the larger by two; but as the pipe increases in size the difficulty of this operation increases, at first resulting in danger or injury to the pipe in its plastic state, and, finally, by reason of the great weight, becoming practically impossible.

The object of our invention is to accomplish this operation mechanically by means of mechanism that shall receive the pipe, remove the sections from the press, place in each pipea supporting-drum,trim and smooth the pipe on the cut, invert and deliver them upon a proper vehicle for their removal to a place in the drying-room, and during the time of the transit of said pipe from the press to the drying-room shall so firmly and evenly grasp the section of pipe as to prevent any distortion or injury to it.

To the accomplishment of the aforesaid object our invention consists in the peculiar and novel construction, arrangement, and combination of parts hereinafter described and then specifically pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference-numeralsindicatelike parts in the different iigures Figure l is a plan of our machine, together with so much of the floor supporting the same as is necessary to illustrate its position; Fig. 2, a section substantially at the line w of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a side elevation of the left end of our machine and so much of a sewer-pipe press and former as will locate its relation to our machine. Figs. 4. and 5 are respectively side and rear elevations of the inverting-cradle proper and its connected mechanism; Fig. 6, a side elevation of the machinery designed to operate the inverting-cradle; Fig. 7, a perspective view of the trimming device; Fig. 8, a section of the drum and the mechanism by which it is raised and lowered; Fig. 9, a detail in partial section of the devices by which the arm carrying the drum is raised and lowered, and Figs. 10 and 11 details of mechanism for releasing the dogs situated on the conveying-chain from engagement with the carriage on which the plastic pipe is carried. Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the carriage.

Referring to the drawings, 1 is the lower end of a sewer pipe press of ordinary construction,from which emerges the plastic pipe 2 and below which is a former 3. Below the presslis the ordinaryfloortof the work-room in which the press is situated. Across this floor extend guides 5, passing on either side of an opening in the floor immediately below the press 1. As is generally known, in the construction of sewer pipe the former is raised by suitable mechanism and looked against the under side of the press by any preferred or desired means. Clay is then forced into the press from above until the socket on the end of the pipe is properly formed. The former is then lowered and pressure again placed on the plastic clay in the press, and it issues from the press in a continuous tube of a determinate length, and the portion of the pipe bearing the socket is cut from the mass of clay in the press-and is then taken to the dry-room.

In our invention a carriage 6 is slid on the guides 5 over the opening in the floor immediately above the former and under the descending pipe. On this carriage 6 is placed a socket-board 7, bearing a suitable configuration on its upper surface to sustain the socket of the pipe. When the pipe in its descent from the press has reached the socketboard, it is severed from connection with the mass of clay in the press and is then ready to be moved along the guides to receive a drum, to be trimmed on its upper edge neatly and evenly, to be inverted, so as to bring the socket end upward, and be car I inverting process.

ried to the drying-room. These steps are performed by the mechanism whose description will immediately follow.

Mounted in suitable bearings in the floor 4 are sprocket-wheels 8, around which run parallel sprocket-chains 9, bearing at determinate intervals dogs 10, to engage at predeterminate intervals a downwardly-projecting stud 11 on the front edge of the carriage 6. (See Fig. 10.) The sprocket-wheels 8 are revolved by mechanism to be described later. These dogs 10 are so placed on the chains 9 that as soon as the pipe has been severed from the press, usually by means of a wire and very frequently leaving a ragged en t, one of them will encounter the stud 11 on the carriage and propel the carriage bearing the socket-board and pipe along the guides 5 until the transit of the carriage is interrupted by the following mechanism: The chains 9 are kept atsuch a tension as will permit a very slight tilting between the sprocket-wheels as the chains ride along narrow strips 12 placed on the floor. The dogs projecting therefrom, which are to engage and perform various functions during their movement, can be bent down on one side or the other, as needed to release them from engagement with the studs on the carriage 6. Placed at a determinate point on one side of the sprocket-chains are disengaging devices 13,which consistof blocks having therein grooves into which the ends of the dogs projecting from the chains pass,

and the course of these grooves is such as to bend or tilt down the ends of the dogs so low as to release them from engagement with the stud 11, leaving the carriage and its burden at such a point intermediate of the press and the inverting device as will be convenient for the operation of placing within the cavity of the green pipe a drum of such lightness as to not increase materially the weight of the pipe and yet of such strength as to prevent the collapse of the pipe during the During this interval in the transit of the carriage we also trim evenly and smoothly at a determinate point the upper ragged edge of the green pipe to insure a smooth end thereon. This is performed by the following mechanism: At one side of the guides 5 is a vertical sleeve 14, capable of being rotated and of being slid up and down by suitable mechanism. This sleeve is supported by a brace 15, attached to the floor on which the machinery is situated. On the lower end of this sleeve is a series of circular gear-teeth 16, into which teeth meshes asegmental rack 17, pivoted on a support 18, on a foundation 19, beneath the working floor. This rack is rocked on its pivot, thereby raising and lowering the sleeve at determined intervals, by means of a bellcrank lever 20, pivoted on the under side of the floor 4, and whose upper end is in such a position as to be encountered and operated by a projecting dog on the continuously-moving chains 9. The connection between the dog on the continuous-moving chains 9 and the upper arm of the bell-crank lever is such that during the engagement andwhile the sleeve 14 is raised with its connected mechanism sufficient time will elapse for the swinging horizontally of the sleeve 14 from one position to another, as will be later described. The bell-crank lever 20 is connected with the outer end of the segmental rack 17 bya link 21. Above the gear-teeth 16 on the sleeve 14 is a gear wheel 22, into which meshes a gear 23, and which in turn is engaged by another similar gear 24, both of which are supported on the under side of the floor 4. These gears have projecting upwardly from their faces studs and 26, respectively, and so placed as to be encountered by dogs predeterminately placed on the chains 9. These studs 25 26 project parallel and are intended to be engaged by the dogs alternately, so that as the chains move forward the stud 25 will be first engaged, which would swing the drum into the position shown in full lines in Fig. 1, and at the time it is desired to swing the drunrcarrying mechanism to the position indicated by dotted in lines in Fig. 1 the stud 26 on the gear 24 will receive the action of a dog on the opposite chain, thereby swinging the drum. mechanism, by reason of the fact that the gears 22, 23, and 24 are intended to intermesh. Within the sleeve 14 is a splined shaft 27, resting in a step 28 on the foundation 19. This shaft 27 bearsa beveled gear 29, which in turn meshes into a gear 30 on a trans verse shaft 31, supported in bearings 32 on a foundation 19. This shaft 31 also bears on its other end a larger bevel-wheel 33, which is driven by a bevel-pinion 34 on the lower end of a shaft 35. On the upper end of the shaft 35 is a bevel-gear 37 on a horizontal shaft 38,

which bears a pulley 39, and to which pulley power is applied for the operation of the entire machine. On the upper end of the sleeve 14 is a bracket 40, which connects this sleeve with a horizontal sleeve 41, and within this sleeve 41 is a shaft 42, which is caused to revolve in unison with the shaft 27 by means of bevelgears 43 and 44. On the other end of the horizontal sleeve 41 is a similar bracket 45, which sustains a vertical shaft 46 and which is caused to revolve with shafts 27 and 41 by means of the bevel-gears 47 and 48, so that through the mechanism heretofore described and the rotation of the driving-shaft 38 the shaft 46 will rotate simultaneously and is expected to run at all times.

Themechanism for trimming the upper surface of the pipe and placing the drum 93 therein is situated on the lower end of the shaft 46 and consists of the following devices: The lower end of the shaft 46 is hollow and has in its interior a vertical movable bolt 49, to which is attached a spring 50, whose normal tendency is to cause the bolt 49 to project slightly from the lower end of the hollow shaft 46. The upper end of this bolt 49 is cone-shaped and is arranged to swing the upper end of two pivoted hooked levers 51 outward, thereby causing their lower hooked ends to swing inward and substantially within the outward circumference of the shaft 46. The pivots for these hooks 51 are placed on two radial blades or cars 52, attached diametrically opposite each other on the shaft 46. The hooks 51 are caused to throw their lower ends outward in a position to engage the drum 93 by means of springs 53, attached to the shaft 46. The upper and lower faces of the drum are provided with central openings reinforced by metallic plates 54, which serve to prevent wear on the drum. The operation of this device is as follows: The time it is desired to insert the drum 93 within the cavity of the pipe is at the interval when the pipe, having left the press, is arrested at the intermediate point previousto reaching the inverting machinery and is shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings at the instant that the drum is inserted within the pipe. As the shaft 46 descends, carrying with it the drum 93, suspended on the hooks 51, the bolt 49 611601111".

ters the upper surface of the socket-board 7 and is pushed upward, thereby throwing the hooks inwardly out of engagement with the drum 93, and as the shaft 46 rises the hooks fail to engage the drum 93, and it is left within the cavity of the pipe. The shaft 46,being connected through the hereinbefore-described mechanism with the sleeve 14, is raised by means of the segmental rack 17, operated by the bell-crank 20.

WVhen it is desired to remove the drum 93 after the inverting process, the sleeve 14 is revolved by gear 24, as hereinbefore described, to a point over the guides 5 in the rear of the inverting device, and as the shaft 46 descends there is an opening in what is called the ring-board 55, which has previously been placed on top of the pipe before inverting, and as the bolt 49 descends into the opening in this ring-hoard it meets no response and the hooks snap under the plate 54 in the upper end of the drum-head. The sleeve 14, hearing the shaft 46, is permitted to descend by reason of the disconnection of the dog 10 on the chains with the bell-crank lever 20, which permits the sleeve 14 to fall gradually, being retarded either by friction between itself and the shaft 27 or by any suitable or preferred means. As soon as the hooks 51 have engaged the upper surface of the drum 93 a dog on the chains, placed similarly to the dog 10, encounters the bell-crank lever a second time, thereby raisin g, as before described, the sleeve 14 and the shaft 46, and by means of gears 22, 23, and 24 the shaft 46, bearing the drum 93, is returned to its original position for inserting the drum 93 into a newlymade pipe. On the shaft 46, above the cars 52, is a pair of downwardly-turned arms 56, to which are attached wires 57, that extend inwardly and are united to the ears 52. These wires are used to sever the pipe as they revolve at a definite point above the socket, with a view that all pipe acted upon by this wire shall be of even length. As this wire leaving a rough ragged surface, there is attached to each of the arms 56 a trimmer 58,

inverted U and provided in the rearwitha flaring tail, whose configuration is similar to that of a plow. These trimmers 58 are provided with studs by which they are attached to the arms 56, and their object and purpose is to follow in after the wires 57 when making the cut around the end of the sewer-pipe to press up the ragged portions left by the wires and to throw, by means of the tail-like ends, the surplus clay outwardly to prevent its falling within the cavity of the pipe and interfering with the operation of the drum 93. As soon as the drum 93 has been placed within the cavity of the pipe the constantlymoving chains 9 bring forward another dog attached thereto, which encounters the stud 11 on the front of the carriage 6, and the carriage and its burden move forward until the dog then operating on the carriage encounters another disengaging device situated under the inverting mechanism, which causes the carriage to stop in a proper position for the inverting mechanism to operate on the pipe. 1

The inverting mechanism consists of two supporting journal bearings 59, between which extends a shaft 60, on one outer end of which is a worm-wheel 61, which is revolved by a worm 62, mounted on a shaft 63, parallel with the driving-shaft 38. This wormshaft is supported by two upright brackets 64 and has mounted on it between the bracket 64 two gears 65 66, of equal size. Motion to rotate the shaft 63 in one direction is obtained by means of an idler-gear 67, meshing into the gear 65 and into the gear 68. on the driving-shaft 38. Motion to rotate the shaft 63 in the opposite direction is obtained by the gear 66, meshing into a large gear 69 on the shaft 38. The gears 68 69 are both loose and freely rotatable on the shaft 38, and each is provided with a hub having ratchet-teeth on one edge. Mounted between the gears 68 69 is a clutch 7 0, provided with ratchet-teeth arranged to engage either hub, as the case requires. Thisclutch70issplinedontheshaft38 and is rotatable at all times therewith. This clutch is operated bya lever 71, terminating in a ring inclosing and pivoted on the clutch 70. This clutch 70 is thrown in either direction to cause the operation of either the gear 68 or the gear 69 by mechanism to be described later. 1 i

The inverting device, technically called a cradle, consists of a semicircularly-shaped frame 94, mounted on two shafts 72 73 and capable of a limited sliding motion thereon. The limits of this motion are two collars 95. lBetween the points where the cradle is atwould only serve to cut the end of thepipe,

(see Fig. 7,) whose general configuration is an tached to the shafts 72 73 are clips 74:, by which the shafts 72 73 are held longitudinally adjustable on the cross-shaft 60. On the central portion of the shaft is a lug 75, to which is attached a strong spring 76, whose other end is attached to the rear of the cradle, for a purpose to be stated later. Extending from the upper and lower ends of the shafts 72 73 are arms 77 78, capable of longitudinal adjustment thereon.

The object of the arms 78 is to project toward the advancing pipe and its socketboard as it is carried forward on the carriage by the chains 9 and to pass under the socketboard and to sustain it at the very instant that the carriage on which it travels ceases to move forward by reason of the disengagement of the dog on the chains. At this in terval the ring-board 55 is laid on top of the plastic pipe by hand. (See Figs. 4 and 5.) By the time that the socket-board bearing the pipe has reached a perfect position on top of the arms 78 the dog, which has been released from engagement with the advancing carriage, moves a transverse lever 79, situated in the path thereof, and which is attached and journaled to the under side of the floor 4, and its opposite end is attached to an upright lever 80, which is pivoted on the upper surface of the floor 4:, which in turn is connected with the lever 81, which operates the clutch 70, and as the dog moves forward with the chains 9 it operates, through these levers, the clutch 70, throwingit to the left in Figs. 1 and 6, causing the movement of the gears 68, 67, and 65, which in turn causes the rotation of the worm, worm-wheel, and shaft 60 and its cradle, and as this cradle slowly turns on its axis it raises the pipe until nearly at the uppermost pointin its revolution, by which time the pipe is lying nearly horizontal, when the spring 76 is strong enough to slide the cradle longitudinally upward on the shafts 72 73 until as the cradle passes over the highest point it slowly slides downward, being then retarded by the spring 76 until the ring-board, now bearing the pipe, rests on the arms 77, and the pipe with its socket-board still in position will have moved far enough from the arms 78 to permit the ready removal of the socket-board 7. This movement of the cradle is continuous until the pipe stands vertical on the ring-board 55 on the opposite side of the shaft 60 from which it started. During the rotation of the cradle the carriage, being free from its burden, is slid back to its original position by hand. When the cradle has completed its inverting process, the ring-board 55 rests on the guides 5 and thereafter becomes the vehicle on which the pipe is conveyed. This ring-board 55 is provided with a depending stud 93, similar to that on the carriage and for identically the same purpose. As the ring-board moves forward, influenced by the chains 9, it carries along the inverted pipe until it arrives at a point equidistant from the cradle with the point where it received the drum, (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1,) at which point the drum-carrying mechanism is lowered, as previously described, and the drum is picked up, as described before, and raised out of the cavity of the pipe. The pipe meanwhile is stationary by reason of another disengaging device placed in such a position as to cause cessation of the movement of the ring-board at the exact spot. A second dog now engages the stud 93 on the ring-board 6 and carries it forward to any desired portion of the shop. The cradle and its shaft is caused to cease rotating when it has deposited the ring-board and pipe on the guides 5 after inverting by the fact that on the outer face of the worm-wheel 61 is a pin 82, which encounters an upright lever 80and moves it to the left in Fig. 6, thereby throwing the clutch 70 out of engagement with the gear 68.

The means by which the sprocket-chains are caused to travel is as follows: The sprocket-wheels, which are situated at the right end of Fig. 1, are mounted on shaft 86, which extends outwardly to one side and has mounted-on each a gear 87, which meshes into a gear 88, journaled on shaft 89 in brackets 90 on the upper face of the table. On this shaft 89 is also a worm-wheel 91, which is revolved byaworm 92 on the end of the shaft 38, which is the power-shaft of the entire mechanism. The cradle is returned to its normal position by a dog on the chains 9 encountering a lever 83, situated at any convenient distance from the cradle, which by means of the connecting-lever 84 reverses the motion of the clutch and causes it to connect with the hub of the gear 69, whose larger diameter causes the reversal of the motion of the cradle and its return to its original receiving position with more speed than when carrying the pipe while inverting it. This reverse motion of the cradle-shaft and cradle continues until a pin 85 encounters lever 80 and throws the clutch 70 out of engagment with the hub of the gear 69, causing the cradle to cease its reverse rotation. It is designed in this mechanism to make the cradle adjustable, and this may be done by inserting a bushing within the cradle by sliding the two halves of the cradle outward or inward 1. A machine for inverting sewer pipe which consistsofaconstantly-traveling means to convey the pipe and means situated intermediate said carrying means to invert the pipe, substantially as shown and described.

2. A sewer-pipe-inverting device consisting of a constantly-traveling means to convey the pipe, means situated intermediate said conveying means to invert the pipe, and means to cause the first-mentioned means to operate the second means, substantially as shown and described.

3. A machine for inverting sewer pipe which consists in means to receive the pipe, means to insert a sustaining-drum within the pipe, separate means for inverting the pipe, and means for removing the drum after inverting.

4. The combination in a sewer-pipe-inverting device, of a constantl -traveling means to carry the pipe from the press, means to insert a drum within said pipe, means to trim the pipe, means to invert the pipe and means to remove the drum and means to cause the mutual cooperation of said before-mentioned means.

5. The combination in a sewer-pipe-inverting device of constantly-traveling chains, a carriage to receive the socket-board on which the pipe is placed, means to cause said chains to engage and move said socket-board and pipe, means to place a drum within said pipe previous to inverting and means to remove said drum after inversion, and means to invert said pipe.

6. The combination of guideways to receive a carriage, constantly-moving chains to slide said carriage on said guideways, means to remove the pipe from said carriage and invert it and means to cause said pipe to be carried farther on said guideways after the inversion of the pipe, substantially as shown and described.

7. The combination in asewer-pipe-inverting device of guideways, constantly-moving chains in juxtaposition to said guideways, a carriage, means to cause said carriage tobe operated by said chains and means to release said chains from engagement with said carriage at desired intervals.

8. In a machine of the class designated the combination of a carriage to receive the pipe from the press, guideways for said carriage to slide on, constantly-moving chains adjacent to said guideways, means to connect and disconnect said chains from said carriage, means to place a drum Within the cavity of said pipe previous to inversion, and means to invert said pipe.

9. The combination in a device of the class described of means to receive the pipe from the press consisting of a carriage, guideways for the movement'of said carriage, constantlymoving means to actuate said carriage, devices to terminate the engagement of said chains and carriage at determinate points, automatic means to place a supporting-drum within said pipe during an interval in the transit of said carriage, means to invert said pipe and means to remove said drum from said pipe after inversion, substantially as shown and described.

10. In a device of the class described'the combination of a carriage to receive a pipe from the press, guideways to sustain said oarriage and constantly-moving means to move said carriage forward determinate distances, means to place a drum within said pipe during an interval in the transit of the carriage, means to trim the upper ends of said pipe at the time of the placing, of said drum therein, means to lift said pipe from said carriage and invert the same and automatic means to lift said drum from within the cavity of the pipe after inversion, means to cause the return of the inverting device to its first position after inversion.

11. The combination in a device of the class 1 described of a carriage to receive the pipe from the drum, ways to permit the travel of said carriage, constantly-moving means to slide said carriage on said ways, automatic disengaging devices to release said carriage from engagement from said conveying means, an inverting device mounted and placed to lift said pipe from said carriage and invert it, and means mounted on said conveying means to throw said inverting means into operation and means likewise mounted to cause the return of said inverting means to its normal position.

12. The combination in a device of the class specified of a carriage slidable on guideways, guideways to receive the carriage, endless chains running in juxtaposition to said guideways, dogs on said chains to engage suitable mechanism on said carriage to cause its movement, levers mounted in the path of said dogs to cause the inverting device to invert said pipe and return to its normal position, the inverting device being operated by the conveying-chains.

13. In combination with a carriage, and an inverting device, of an overhead swinging arm bearing a supporting-drum, means to cause said drum to be placed in the pipe at one interval in its movement, means to raise and swing said drum-carrying arm, and mechanism to cause said drum mechanism to be lowered and engage, and raise said drum from said pipe, substantially as shown and described.

' 14:. The combination with a carriage, a socket-board mounted thereon, of an inverting-cradle consisting of arms to pass under said socket-board, a frame to sustain the pipe, and projecting arms sustaining a ring-board to retain the pipe when inverting, substantially as shown and described.

15. The combination with a carriage bearing a socket-board for the pipe, of a cradle consisting of a transverse rotatable shaft sustaining a pair of Vertical shafts, arms mounted on said vertical shafts capable of adjustment with relation to each other, and a frame situated intermediate said arms to sustain said pipe, and mechanism to cause the cradle to partially rotate on its axis.

16. The combination with a carriage bearing a socket-board for the pipe, of a cradle, hearing arms to pass under said socket-board and raise said pipe, and arms to pass over said pipe, a ring-board to be placed on top of said pipe previous to inversion and arranged to rest on a pair of arms after inversion and sustain said pipe, substantially as shown and described.

17. The combination with a carriage, a socket-board mounted thereon, a cradle capable of being operated by mechanism connected with the conveying means for the carriage, consisting of a transverse shaft, two shafts held on said transverse shaft, a cradle mounted on said two shafts and means to permit a slight longitudinal movement of said cradle during the inverting process, substantially as shown and described.

18. In a device of the class specified the combination with a carriage and a socket-board,

. of an inverting device consisting of a cradle,

shafts to sustain said cradle, means to limit the motion of said cradle on said shafts and a spring mounted in connection with said cradle to prevent its sudden stoppage at the limits of its motion, substantially as shown and described.

19. In a device of the class specified the combination with a carriage and a socket-board thereon to sustain the pipe and an inverting device, of supporting means for saidinverting device, adjustable means on said supporting device to limit the motion of said inverting device thereon, and means to cushion the movementof said inverting device on its supporting device, substantially as shown and described.

20. The combination in a device of the class specified of a conveyed carriage and a socketboard thereon to sustain the pipe, of an inverting device to invert said pipe and means mounted on said conveying means to cause the reversal of the motion of said inverting device and its return to its normal position for inverting said pipe, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony that We claim the above we hereunto set our hands in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HARRY A. WILLIAMS. FRED S. BEAN.

In presence of C. E. HUMPHREY, MAUDE ZWISLER. 

